北鼎教研组：北外MTI“翻译硕士英语”科目新题型应对策略

北外高翻学院发布了翻硕英语科目调整的具体内容。内容公布以后，很多考生对应对新题型表示焦虑。北鼎翻硕英语教研组将应对方法公布出来，以期帮助大家迅速找到复习方向。对于北鼎在读学生，一周后大家将拿到教研组编写好的翻硕英语新题型复习材料，请等待教务老师的通知。

翻译硕士英语旨在考察学生的英语基本功和常见领域的专业知识，包括三道题：

**题：词汇和英文术语（30分）

无提示填空，考察词汇，兼顾知识面（政治、经济、科技、外交、法律等）。分为两个小题。

1.单词填空

给出一段文章，挖掉若干单词填空，没有选项提示。（20分）

例如：

One of the primary purposes of the United Nations is the maintenance of international peace and security. Since its creation, the UN has often been called upon to prevent disputes from escalating into war, to persuade opposing parties to use the conference table rather than force of arms, or to help restore peace when armed conflict does break out. Over the decades, the UN has helped end numerous conflicts, often through actions of the Security Council— the primary organ for dealing with issues of international peace and security. The Security Council, the General Assembly and the Secretary-General, however, all play major, complementary roles in fostering peace and security. United Nations activities cover the principal areas of conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, enforcement and peace building (see www.un.org/peace). These types of engagement must overlap or take place simultaneously if they are to be effective.

试题分析：单词填空是北外翻硕英语改革后难度较大的一道题，因为本道题不仅考察词汇，更重要的是检验考生语篇分析把握的能力和强大的知识储备。

北鼎应对策略：根据样题，语篇来源是对联合国这一国际组织基本的介绍，所以材料选取可以从国际组织的官网上选取对该国际组织的基本介绍，同时所填词有一半为动词或其变形，名词和专业机构的考察占另外一半，因此在选取材料时应多注重这几个方面。除此之外，还有很多相关材料可以选取，例如世界贸易组织，北约，世界卫生组织，达沃斯论坛，OPEC会议，G8峰会，上海合作组织，亚洲基础设施投资银行，等等。

对本部分的备课，北鼎组织近20人的翻硕英语教师团队，针对政治、经济、科技、外交、法律等方向，分成7个小组，以最快的速度帮助学员汇总最全面的核心词条。这部分材料也将以北外给出的范例为基准，在语篇中划出核心词汇。

具体分类：联合国系统；经济金融领域；粮食、能源等领域+知识产权、安全领域；科技合作领域+社会标准制定领域；其他组织：北约、石油输出国组织，欧盟，东南亚国家联盟，北大西洋公约组织，世界经济论坛，世界动物保护协会，世界自然基金会，G20峰会，非洲联盟。

下面是以UNESCO介绍为例，给大家示范如何从相关材料中寻找核心词汇。（材料中可能涉及到的考点用高亮标出）：

UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in Education, the Sciences and Culture. UNESCO's programmes contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in Agenda 2030, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015.

Political and economic arrangements of governments are not enough to secure the lasting and sincere support of the peoples. Peace must be founded upon dialogue and mutual understanding. Peace must be built upon the intellectual and moral solidarity of humanity.

In this spirit, UNESCO develops educational tools to help people live as global citizens free of hate and intolerance. UNESCO works so that each child and citizen has access to quality education. By promoting cultural heritage and the equal dignity of all cultures, UNESCO strengthens bonds among nations. UNESCO fosters scientific programmes and policies as platforms for development and cooperation. UNESCO stands up for freedom of expression, as a fundamental right and a key condition for democracy and development. Serving as a laboratory of ideas, UNESCO helps countries adopt international standards and manages programmes that foster the free flow of ideas and knowledge sharing.

UNESCO's founding vision was born in response to a world war that was marked by racist and anti-Semitic violence. Seventy years on and many liberation struggles later, UNESCO’s mandate is as relevant as ever. Cultural diversity is under attack and new forms of intolerance, rejection of scientific facts and threats to freedom of expression challenge peace and human rights. In response, UNESCO's duty remains to reaffirm the humanist missions of education, science and culture.

2.英文术语填空

给出一些常见概念的定义，考生写出概念。（10分）

例如：Gross ________ ________is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.

填写Domestic Product.

试题分析：考生应关注各个学科中最基本的概念，特别是从政治经济文化角度。鼓励有精力的考生看一些专业入门视频，如网易公开课中Crash Course“economics”课程。

北鼎应对策略：例题给出的是经济领域的概念，我们在复习的时候，需要同时考虑到政治和文化方面的概念。针对上一题，已经包含一些政治、经济、文化的材料，在此基础上，我们将核心概念单列出来，组成常见概念的汇总。

同时，北鼎将邀请北外国商学院国际经济辅导教师，为考生提供专业教科书中的经济学核心概念汇总，如从《经济学原理》的概念部分选取。

例：Market economy is an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services.

第二题：阅读理解和翻译（30分）

给出一篇文章，阅读之后，翻译划线句子，考察英文理解能力和汉语表达能力。（30分）

例如：

FEDERALISM: GOOD OR BAD?

Sometimes, however, confusion or controversy about which government is responsible for which functions surfaces at the worst possible moment and lingers long after attempts have been made to sort it all out.¹ Sadly, in our day, that is largely what “federalism” has meant in practice to citizens from New Orleans and the Gulf Coast region.

Before, during, and after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck in 2005, federal, state, and local officials could be found fighting among themselves over everything from who was supposed to maintain and repair the levees to who should lead disaster relief initiatives.² In the weeks after the hurricanes hit, it had been widely reported that the main first-responders and disaster relief workers came, not from government, but from myriad religious and other charitable organizations. Not only that, but government agencies, such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, often acted in ways that made it harder, not easier, for these volunteers and groups to deliver help when and where it was most badly needed.

Federalism needs to be viewed dispassionately through an historical lens wide enough to encompass both its worst legacies (for instance, state and local laws that once legalized racial discrimination against blacks) and its best (for instance, blacks winning mayors’ offices and seats in state legislatures when no blacks were in the U.S. Senate and not many blacks had been elected to the U.S. House).³

Federalism, it is fair to say, has the virtues of its vices and the vices of its virtues.⁴ To some, federalism means allowing states to block action, prevent progress, upset national plans, protect powerful local interests, and cater to the self-interest of hack politicians. Harold Laski, a British observer, described American states as “parasitic and poisonous,” 20 and William H. Riker, an American political scientist, argued that “the main effect of federalism since the Civil War has been to perpetuate racism.” By contrast, another political scientist, Daniel J. Elazar, argued that the “virtue of the federal system lies in its ability to develop and maintain mechanisms vital to the perpetuation of the unique combination of governmental strength, political flexibility, and individual liberty, which has been the central concern of American politics.”

北鼎应对策略：考察翻译基本功，因为翻译部分并非MTI考生的弱项，且北外提供的样题并不是很具有难度，所以此题不是北鼎关注的重点。

第三题：英语表达（40分）

分为三个小题：英文改错、英文作文和编写英文摘要。

1.英文句子改错 （10分）

给出若干表达不符合英文习惯的句子，考生进行修改。考察语法和英文表达能力。

例如：

1) This measure will have a restrictive effect on the activities of speculators

修改：This measure will restrict the activities of speculators

2) For example, in the 2007 edition of the book there are totally 45 footnotes.

修改：For example, in the 2007 edition of the book there are 45 footnotes in total.

北鼎应对策略：本道题的出题方式和《中式英语之鉴》这本书中分析中式英语的方式相似，重在解决翻译中出现的中式问题思维弊病，因此考生阅读并掌握《中式英语之鉴》的精华成为考取北外的一个必要条件。阅读的方式必须是精读，细品书中给出的例句并加以总结。

书中范例：Instead of introducing the method of confiscation, we have adopted a policy of redemption to change the capitalist ownership.

Instead of confiscating property to change capitalist ownership, we have adopted a policy of redeeming it.

为了节省考生的复习时间，北鼎教研组将用一周时间，提取《中式英语之鉴》中核心例句，带学生快速掌握地道表达方法。

2.英文作文（15分）

按照给定要求，写英文作文，不少于200词。考察英语表达能力。

北鼎应对策略：本道题可借鉴雅思作文资料，因为改革后的作文字数要求和雅思大作文大体相同。

3．编写英文摘要（15分）

给出一篇英语文章（约600单词），考生用英语编写摘要（大约150单词）。考察用英文归纳总结的能力。

北鼎应对策略：参考丁往道主编的《英语写作手册》第六章：the summary and book report部分学习并掌握概要写作的方法和要领。

摘要考察两方面的能力，即英文阅读理解能力以及英文写作能力。摘要写作有哪些注意事项？首先，摘要需要用自己的话重述原文意思，不可照抄原文。其次，摘要要有逻辑、有连贯性，用恰当的衔接手段串起原文所有要点。最后，读者在阅读摘要之后，不需要查找原文，就能抓住原文所有要点。

摘要写作有哪些技巧呢? 首先是通读全文时，找出每段的要点(议论文每段的中心句通常在**句)，用自己的话进行改写(可以近义词替换、改写句子结构)；之后给文章划分段落群，即弄清楚原文的结构与逻辑；最后根据文章的结构与逻辑，把各个段落的中心思想组合起来。

范例：阅读下面文章，写出150词摘要。

WHEN THE Chinese government first sent students to America in the late 19th century, it could not decide whether their goal should be to acquire specific technical knowledge or to absorb new ways of thinking. More than a century later, a third of a million Chinese students are enrolled at American schools and universities. Yet folks back home remain divided about what an American degree means.

Attending an American university is a good career move. It is also scorned as a soft option for well-off kids, scared of the gaokao, China’s brutal university-entrance exams. Yet many bright Chinese youngsters explain the appeal of an American education in remarkably idealistic terms. One place to hear such dreams, on a recent smoggy Saturday morning, is an English-language debating tournament in the central city of Wuhan. It follows a format popular at high schools across America, known as “Public Forum Debate”. On this occasion 182 teenagers are taking part.

At first sight, the event reeks of privilege. It uses the classrooms at a bilingual private boarding school in Wuhan with its own golf course and an ice-hockey team coached by imported Russians. But the debate is not for big-city elites. It is run by the National High School Debate League of China, a company founded by two young Americans in 2011. It stages contests in dozens of Chinese cities each year. This one has drawn pupils, aged 13-18, from nine cities. Many will never study overseas.

The proposition is: “Countries should prioritise climate-change adaptation over mitigation.” Teams have had three weeks to prepare. An early round is won by a pair of 17-year-old girls who attend the international section (a bilingual school-within-a-school) of a state-run high school in Shenyang. In confident, rapid-fire English the duo argue that climate change should be treated with realism. They praise a sea wall being built in Jakarta and note the political lessons to be drawn from French gilets jaunes protests against a proposed fuel tax. The pair also had speeches arguing the opposite ready, in case the coin-toss had gone the other way.

Chinese pupils are pushed to study relentlessly, says one. But American-style debate forces students to “brainstorm a lot of ideas in a short time”. Unlike America, where debating clubs are dominated by shouty, self-assured boys, most contestants in the Chinese league are girls. Of its 20 highest-ranked debaters, 16 are female.

In a still-chauvinist society, the chance to argue forcefully and be applauded for it has a rare appeal, suggests Liam Mather, the league’s 20-something executive director. The winners in Wuhan are Joyce Yi and Erica Chen, from a state school in the southern boomtown of Shenzhen. Their swaggering first-round performance leaves two ill-prepared boys open-mouthed like fish. Ms Chen initially relished debating in English because “I’m kind of an argumentative person.” Then she realised the subtle effects of having to research both sides of an argument. Chinese education emphasises one correct answer to a question, she says.

The debaters are not starry-eyed about America. They talk of gun violence, inequality and crumbling cities. At a practice camp some call the American way of arguing “very chaotic.” But debate can prevent “huge mistakes” because competing perspectives are heard, notes Angela Pan, a teenager from Beijing. The young Chinese assert—perhaps a little optimistically—that American college students are diverse, free and informed about the world. They long to cross the Pacific and meet some.（选自《经济学人》2019年6.15期）

由北鼎教育组编

中国人民大学出版社出版的图书

火爆上市啦！

本书是MTI翻译硕士考研科目汉语写作与百科知识的复习用书。

编者征集了多位**MTI导师的意见，按照真实的命题思路确定专项练习的考点收录原则。

同时，根据对几乎所有招收MTI院校的真题和回忆版真题的分析，原创预测命制了大量的练习。

考虑到百科知识真题的复现率和应用文与话题作文真题是优质练习素材，编者直接收录了大量各校历年真题和真题回忆版的习题。

下面是详细介绍

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